However, the examiner said no conclusion could be made as to the accuracy of Stoeckleys statements because of Stoeckleys state of mind and her excessive drug use in February 1970, wrote author Morris in A Wilderness of Error.. For both men, A Wilderness of Error is, in the end, a story of uncertainty as Morris says in the series, Never convince yourself you know something that you dont. I asked Morris what it was like to be on the other side of the Interrotron, where certitude has a history of crumbling. Hodges said he still sometimes drives by the crime scene for the memories even though he might be better off without those memories. The noise woke Kimberley, who entered the bedroom and was hit by her father amid the chaos. Acids groovy, and, Acid is groovy. People still call the base, asking to see the house, military officials said. A jury convicted Jeffrey MacDonald, a former Green Beret, doctor and the victims' husband and father, in August 1979. The marshal died in 2008. HARROWING crime scene photos from the campsite where Gabby Petito was found dead have been revealed as her autopsy found her to be strangled.Photos sh. Manson Family members Robert Beausoleil, 21, pictured, Bruce Davis, 26, and Susan Atkins, 21, torture and kill Gary Hinman in the musician's Topanga, California, home. (And selecting even a relatively large portion of the ball of Colette's foot in the original crime scene JPEG photo results in an image only 45 or so pixels wide, even less suitable for computer analyzation of this kind, in fact ridiculously unsuitable. I need to walk out of here, back to life. Mommie, dont ever say anything to Jeff because he cannot stand criticism,' Kassab recalled Colette saying once when she suggested her son-in-law should help more. Then you manipulate the photos so that one is on top of another. Colette MacDonalds family originally believed that Jeffrey was innocent. Both versions of Fatal Vision were wildly popular, helping cement MacDonalds guilt in the public mind. In 2006, a strand of hair from under 2-year-old Kristens fingernail could not be matched to anyone. NBCU Photo Bank/NBCUniversal via Getty Images. Kelvin Culbreth, the radio executive, said he was a pizza driver in the summers when he was home from college. The final two episodes in the series air this Friday . Many people bought firearms, said Thompson, the WFNC news director. The jury indicted him in January 1975. She had this sort of very lovely appearance, quiet beauty and a sort of vulnerable look, MacDonald is quoted as saying in the book, Fatal Vision. Theres no signs of a forced entry., What is evident, Cooney says, is theres a lot of rage and hate at that crime scene., The Disturbing Reasons Why Some Men Kill Their Families. JPEG compression is a "lossy" data compression method, meaning it results in loss of pixel information. Oct. 2, 2020 8 PM PT. The home had been kept sealed while the case was pending. 1970: Its how Morris grilled two former secretaries of defense (Robert McNamara in The Fog of War, Donald Rumsfeld in The Unknown Known), not to mention Holocaust deniers, a professional lion tamer and Steve Bannon. Below are the police investigation photos of the horrible offense that went down at the Tate and LaBianca Residences at the hands of the wacked-out Manson family on August 8 and 9, 1969. In 2014 Los Angeles-based photographer Merrick Morton (a onetime LAPD reserve officer) spotted a derelict stash of LAPD crime photos dating from the 1920s to 1970s. At 544 Castle Drive, Colette MacDonald, 6-year-old Kimberly and 2-year-old Kristen Jean were stabbed and bludgeoned to death on Feb. 17, 1970. Then you start to see, very clearly, where the line through the story is.. The red, brick house has been gone almost 10 years. Warning: The following contains disturbing descriptions of violence, including violence to children. Interior views of 544 Castle Drive, Fort Bragg, North Carolina. who hammered home the point by including gruesome crime scene photos . From 1974 to 1991, Dennis Rader murdered ten people. Amid 50 years of uncertainty about whether Jeffrey MacDonald killed his family, there is no doubt his wife and two young daughters died in pain and anguish. In 1984, Culbreth joined the Army and went to military police school in Alabama. The case brought national media scrutiny to Fayetteville and Fort Bragg on and off for years. The presiding officer decided to see for himself. Years after his book was published, he acknowledges in the series that he still believes MacDonald is innocent but knows he cant absolutely prove it. The man who dialed the operator relayed a desperate situation. The reports say: Colette was stabbed 16 times with a knife and 21 times with an ice pick, and she was hit in the head with a club at least six times. Google Maps says it takes 11 minutes to walk from that corner to 544 Castle Drive. CrimeDoor is a trusted news resource for those seeking the freshest perspective on cases worldwide. connect@underthelights.org (205) 612-7070. These images now reside in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, part of an extraordinary historical document: a nearly 100-page album of unflinching crime photos from the dawn of the 20th century. MacDonalds underlying medical conditions constitute extraordinary and compelling reasons for a prison reduction, wrote his lawyer Hart Miles in the motion. Perhaps most tellingly of all, however, when his analysis had been completed, despite his claim that the results of the analysis showed that there was an 80% possibility that a bloody footprint in the hallway was Colettes and not MacDonalds, and claiming that If you would like to see the picture I have after doing what I stated tell me how to upload it. MacDonald told investigators that four drug-crazed hippies had attacked his family three men and a woman in a blonde wig and a floppy hat who carried a candle and chanted, Acid is groovy, kill the pigs. Charges against MacDonald were dismissed in an Army hearing. It definitely had a resonating kind of an effect from a high-profile standpoint.. MacDonald had a stab wound that partly deflated a lung. I would like to smell the flowers again, and I think I should.. Military police officers responding to a call from MacDonald found his wife, Colette, beaten and stabbed to death in the master bedroom; the couple's two daughters, Kimberly, 5, and Kristen, 3, were in their beds, also stabbed to death. His condo had parking out front for his sports car and was on the water in the back to accommodate his 34-foot yacht. When the MPs first arrived, one of Colettes breasts was exposed. At least 6 dead, dozens injured in massive pileup on Illinois I-55. Paul Woolverton can be reached at pwoolverton@fayobserver.com or 910-486-3512. That was just one of the many pieces of evidence. Hes less wounded [than his wife and daughters], even though hes in more of a struggle. For researchers of the murders of Colette, Kimberley and Kristen MacDonaldDebunking FrmrCSIs alleged analysis of the bloody footprints. After all, The Jinx ended with an apparent live-mic murder confession from the real estate heir Robert Durst. The suitcase was noticed by both William Ivory and Robert Shaw, initial investigators at 544 Castle Drive the morning of February 17, 1970. Chuck Hodges, the son of former CID investigator John Hodges, said when he was growing up, visiting relatives asked about the case and the house at 544 Castle Drive. Colette was often left alone to raise the girls and the marriage experienced rough patches, her mother Mildred Kassab testified in a September 1974 grand jury hearing. An examiner concluded that Stoeckley believed she had been present during the murders and knew who killed Colette MacDonald and the children. Fatal Justice, a book that says MacDonald was wrongly convicted, says MacDonald had at least three bruises on his head, a bruise on his shoulder and upper left arm, and a bruise on his left forearm that could be considered a defensive wound. Home; Our Mission; Our Team; Donate; paige bueckers apparel; fatal vision crime scene photos He just didnt sound like a man telling the truth, said one. JonBenet Ramsey's Christmas Murder Scene. , The Murders on Castle Drive. Home > 2022 > June > 10 > Uncategorized > 544 castle drive crime scene photos. She also said she had nightmares. MacDonald, 76, is serving three consecutive life sentences in federal prison for the murders. In order to perform his alleged analysis, FrmrCSI claims that he first copied the low-resolution JPEGs from the internet, saved them, "enhanced" them, then "printout as a transparencyon a highend photo printer, then scan into another computer on a highend scanner, (both printer and scanner is more than your normal citizen can afford). He said his name was Capt. Evidence of Guilt; Consciousness of Guilt; Eventually, after pressure from Colettes family, MacDonald was indicted and found guilty of the three murders on August 29, 1979. There are no pending appeals right now, Raleigh attorney Hart Miles, who represents MacDonald, tells A&E True Crime. 544 Castle Drive: The Fort Bragg apartment at 544 Castle Drive where the murders took place was preserved for many years, due to the ongoing investigation. 544 castle drive crime scene photos Whitey Bulger said he was 'not guilty' in jailhouse lette Woman has 'loud, full body orgasm' in the middle of LA concert, Accused drunk driver 'strongly refused' sobriety test after crash that killed bride, Bride killed, groom seriously hurt by drunk driver just minutes after leaving reception, The best-dressed celebs at the 2023 Met Gala: Rihanna, Gisele Bndchen, more, Kim Kardashians Met Gala 2023 look sparks comparisons to Playboy cover, Kim Kardashian, Pete Davidson reunite at Met Gala 9 months after breakup, Khristina Williams previews the New York Liberty's 2023 WNBA season, Elon Musk Tells Bill Maher Woke Mind Virus Is Dangerous On Real Time, Katy Perry will be temporarily replaced on 'American Idol' amid drama. It was released by authorities in 1984 . 544 Castle Drive, Fort Bragg, North Carolina: The Fatal Vision Murder House: . When officers arrived at 544 Castle Drive, where MacDonald had lived since the previous August with his wife of six years, . The case attracted international attention for its shocking brutality. Prosecutors speculated MacDonalds rampage followed an argument with Colette that spiraled. Diagrams of 544 Castle Drive; Living room; East bedroom (master) (includes graphic images) South bedroom (Kim) (includes graphic images) North bedroom (Kristen) (includes . But wait, theres more. MacDonald's wife and two . Stoeckley was known to have worn a blond wig, boots and a large floppy hat. 30 years after the murders, a 31-year-old sergeant lived at 544 Castle Drive with his wife and children. Fifty years after his wife and two young daughters were brutally murdered, and 41 after he was convicted of the crime, the case of former Army surgeon Jeffrey R. MacDonald . He said he was stabbed with an ice pick. He also appears in the documentary. These are some of the forensic photos of the crime scene . Colette MacDonald, 26, lay dead. Finally, in August 1974, a federal grand jury convened to evaluate the case. After realizing hed likely killed his daughter, he transitioned to cover-up mode to save himself by ensuring each member of his family was dead then claiming that hippies chanting acid is groovy, kill the pigs were the real perpetrators, the prosecutor said. In 1970, Thompson was the news director at WFNC radio and one of the first reporters to arrive at the MacDonald home. The MacDonalds lived in Corregidor Courts, a housing area for officers and noncommissioned officers. Post author: Post published: June 10, 2022 Post category: printable afl fixture 2022 Post comments: columbus day chess tournament columbus day chess tournament On Thursday, the New York District Attorney released crime scene photos showing blood spatter and the knife allegedly used by nanny Yoselyn Ortega to kill two young children in her care. MacDonalds story continues to be paradoxical, Cooney notes. (9) Supposedly having analysis software analyze this final overlay image. Kristens bed (36 wide according to Fatal Vision) is drawn about 12 wider than that in the diagram. He took care of the health of the Special Forces soldiers, but he was not a Special Forces soldier. Kitchen. He appealed and was released in 1980 after the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled MacDonald was denied the right to a speedy trial. One found a back door to a utility room open. 544 Castle Drive was a three-bedroom apartment, about 1,000 square feet, where Captain Jeffrey MacDonald lived with his pregnant wife, Colette MacDonald, and their two young daughters. CrimeDoor is an Innovative True Crime News App. Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy. Over the objections of MacDonalds lawyers, the prosecutors had articles from Esquire magazine about the Manson murder case in California read to the jury. Lets compare the same cropped area in the original crime scene photo (left, below) to FrmrCSIs enhanced and enlarged image of Colettes foot. The crime-scene and autopsy photos of Colette and the children are gruesome and bloody. In this era before DNA evidence, investigators used the different blood types of the MacDonalds and their children, and where their blood was found throughout the apartment, to convince the jurors that MacDonald had moved from room to room to commit these killings. I think this case, among other things, is a wilderness of unreliable narrators, Morris told me. He used the same club to bludgeon Colette repeatedly, breaking both her arms as she fought to defend herself, wrote Assistant US Attorney John Harris in a motion opposing his release. Sometimes he passed the house while making deliveries. The Harpers were originally founded as The Harpers at Twilight in 324 DR deep in the Elven Court woods, and the members included human, elf, and half-elf warriors, rangers, druids, thieves and mages. Soon, MPs were on their way. Despite the age of the MacDonald case, the publicity and national fascination continue. So that kind of raised some eyebrows.. The analyst concluded that someone had stabbed Colette in the chest with an ice pick through Jeffreys pajama top. Doesnt the image above look a bitstretched, as well as degraded in quality? Reader discretion is advised. Jeffrey MacDonalds Article 32 investigation ran from July 6 to Sept. 11. . MacDonald applied for parole in 2005, which was denied. Post author: Post published: June 10, 2022; Post category: printable afl fixture 2022; Post comments: . (7) Scanning that transparency (again adding unwanted data to the image via interpolation); Both of her arms were broken, as though she had been defending herself. Sometimes she said she thought she was there. This house, located at 544 Castle Drive on Fort Bragg, NC, is the residence where Jeffrey MacDonald lived with his family. There were two one-floor apartments on the ends, and two two-story apartments in the middle. The series is based on A Wilderness of Error.. The investigators also noted MacDonalds injuries compared to those of Colette, Kimberley and Kristen. They said the dead marshals claims couldnt be trusted because travel records and testimony from other marshals showed he had gotten his facts wrong about the trip. Despite the fact that the print in the hallway was too big to be Colettes and that MacDonald had admitted the print was probably his (which it later proved to be), the poster came to the surprising conclusion that there was an 80% possibility that a bloody footprint in the hallway was Colettes. JMHO"[spelling and punctuation preserved] The savage act calls out for closure but people are still debating the merits of his case today, criminal defense attorney Phil R. Dixon tells A&E True Crime. The hairs did not match MacDonald or any of the victims. Did Jeffrey MacDonald Kill His Family or Was He the Victim of Manson Copycats? Jeff has not given up and continues to explore avenues to get back in court but I dont know when anything might be filed, Miles said in an email Friday evening. Photo via Pinterest. Does That Make Him a Typical Family Annihilator? Theres a reason I called it A Wilderness of Error., A Wilderness of Error Points the Lens Back at Errol Morris, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/25/arts/television/wilderness-of-error-errol-morris-jeffrey-macdonald.html. Some colors may not be correct, but I have tried generally to reproduce to the best of my ability the furnishings in the apartment. I believe Marc thinks Jeffrey is guilty, Morris told me in a phone interview earlier this month. Through the years, MacDonald and his defense team have blamed military authorities for not securing the crime scene and mishandling evidence. Although a dedicated viewing program isnt needed to see the 3D images, for best viewing (including magnification, slideshow function and other handy features) a viewer such as ACDSee (shareware) is recommended. It sat on the white shag carpeting in the master bedroom, near the right . Trusting the photo more than the diagram, I have put in a recliner instead of an armless dining room chair. Certain facts are agreed upon. Many horrific things happened. His instructors had a training room modeled after the MacDonald home, he said, and they used the MacDonald case as a scenario and example of what not to do. Care to detail what some of those things are? I asked. Rhoades, a long-haul trucker, converted the sleeper cab of his 18-wheel semi truck into a small, makeshift sex chamber where he would torture his victims and rape them for weeks on end. Jump directly to the content. This home, and 28 others, was demolished in 2008 to make room for more modern housing. And when they overlap, there are obvious inconsistencies and consistencies. After a six-week trial, MacDonald was found guilty in 1979 and sentenced to three consecutive life sentences. Still, you'll find 544 Castle Drive something of a haunting place. For example, where the diagram shows stereo in the living room, objects have been created to represent the stereo and speakers, sized to fit the dimensions on the diagram. Manufacturers blast report that warned of risks, Nicole Kidman wears Chanel dress from 2004 perfume campaign to Met Gala, Why some cities are planting 'trees that survive in the desert', Graphics, maps show deadly Texas shooting, 16 NFL big-name veterans on thin ice after teams' draft moves, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. View Gallery. I think the first night, I went to bed with a hammer under my pillow, she said. The horror that investigators found Feb. 17, 1970, at Capt. It was Feb. 17, 1970, some 50 years ago. Kathryn MacDonald, a longtime friend of Jeffrey MacDonald whom he married in 2002, said the end of 544 Castle Drive is bittersweet for her husband. It doesnt necessarily scare people away. Federal Correctional Institution in Cumberland, Maryland. While I did enlagre them a little, and provides a more focus, it also made the file larger. Note how in the crime scene photo (below left), Colettes toes are visible, but when FrmrCSIs image is overlaid on top, the toes disappear, running off the edge of the photo, because the aspect ratio is incorrect and the foot has been made quite a bit longer than it actually is: Cropped section of original crime scene photo, Same photo with FrmrCSIs image as an overlay. Chief Judge Terrence Boyle is scheduled to hear arguments from both sides but MacDonald, 77, will not be in court. In Fatal Vision, some jurors told McGinniss they were unpersuaded by the prosecutions case until they listened to a recording of a law enforcement interview with MacDonald from April 1970. It certainly gave our community some notoriety, said former Fayetteville Mayor Marshall B. Pitts Jr. As much as the MacDonald case captivated the country, with its publicity in national magazines, major newspapers and on television, it also became part of the culture of Fayetteville. I would be depriving the viewer of the experience of watching it, too.. Others have no doubt he is guilty. The call for help came shortly after 3:30 on a Tuesday morning. Certain facts are agreed upon. Her body was punctured multiple times with an ice pick and knife. Sometimes she said she couldnt remember that night. The U.S. Justice Department released it back to the military in 1983 and by 1987 it had been renovated into a duplex. Asked if MacDonald would be a good candidate for the organization, Cooney tells A&E True Crime, Im just not sure he would. (4) Supposedly making a "transparency" from that image, giving him the same low-quality image on clear paper; A Justice Department spokesman said MacDonald has not applied for a hearing. MacDonald stirred and told the MPs to check on his children. MacDonald was discovered alive next to his wife with non-life-threatening wounds on his face and torso, a collapsed lung and a mild concussion. In the constant rehashing of these events, its easy to forget that real people were and still are affected by the case. I think an older generation who might have remembered it and passed the story along to others could contribute to some narrative, he said. Errol Morris, right, being interviewed by the director Marc Smerling through an Interrotron, developed by Morris to encourage eye contact with the camera. It's where you lost your family," she said. This would later become a significant point. (1) Copying low-resolution, low-quality JPEG images from the internet, images which had already lost enormous amounts of unrecoverable original pixel data; Working with the Fototeka photo digitation service and the US National Film Archive, the pictures were Continue reading "Bloody Brutal . Ted Bundy crime scene photos [GRAPHIC] Although it's debatable when notorious serial killer Ted Bundy began his murderous spree, it's widely-known that he raped and killed numerous women throughout the 1970s. Law enforcement back in the day isnt what it is now.. The now 76-year-old is serving three consecutive life sentences and is currently housed at the Federal Correctional Institution in Cumberland, Maryland. He stabbed Colette, Kimberly, and little Kristen over and over again with a paring knife and Colette and Kristen yet again with an ice pick all in an effort to support his cover story of a ritualistic killing by a group of home-invading hippies, wrote Harris. If the group that MacDonald claimed murdered his family resembled Mansons crew, they wouldnt just fade into oblivion, theyd strike again, Cooney theorizes. Hairs from unidentified people were found in his children's hands. Some of these mistakes, according to the authors of the books about the case, are: An ambulance driver stole Jeffrey MacDonalds wallet from the home and also set the fallen flowerpot upright. It was Feb. 17, 1970, some 50 years ago. But as Morris puts it in the series, What happens when a narrative takes the place of reality?. MacDonald has been in and out of courtrooms since the summer of 1970 to assert his claim he is innocent. While the community fretted about murderous hippies, the investigators saw anomalies in the living room where MacDonald said he fought off four people. MacDonald recounted that the woman was saying, Kill the pigs. Colettes stepfather, Freddy Kassab, was at first a staunch supporter of MacDonald, but then became convinced of MacDonalds guilt and crusaded for the case to be reopened. 2023 Capitol Broadcasting Company, Inc. NCHSAA board will consider policy allowing high school athletes to profit off NIL, Six Harris Teeters impacted by threats Monday, Protesters rejecting, supporting Johnston Co. commissioner gather at Monday meeting, Park service finds trash, debris with Navy markings washing ashore at Outer Banks, Triangle, NC-linked businesses remain relatively quiet on LGBTQ bills in General Assembly, NC Senate Committee debates bill on trans athletes in sports. His next opportunity is in May. The doctor, Capt. , The Fayetteville Observer. (Notably absent is MacDonald, with whom Smerling said he had scheduled an interview that got abruptly canceled; an official at the federal prison in Cumberland, Md., where MacDonald is incarcerated declined interview requests for this article, citing coronavirus concerns.). I dont want or deserve this, he wrote from prison in 1982, according to the book Fatal Vision by Joe McGinniss. MPs and investigators had picked up and read a blood-smeared copy of Esquire magazine in the living room. The question terrified the people of Fayetteville and Fort Bragg on that miserable February morning. On May 1, 1970, the Army charged MacDonald with three counts of murder. She had been stabbed repeatedly in the heart. During their last Christmas together, the atmosphere was very tense, Kassab said. The perpetratorswhy dont they kill him? He was wearing only his pajama bottoms. Some of Colettes wounds were defensive and authorities contended her last moments were spent trying to save Kristen. This account of the MacDonald murders and their aftermath is drawn from court documents, newspaper archives, the true-crime books Fatal Vision, Fatal Justice and A Wilderness of Error, and the memories of people who lived here. Homepage > 544 castle drive crime scene photos . MacDonalds pregnant wife, Colette, and their daughters, 5-year-old Kimberly and 2-year-old Kristen, were found brutally murdered in their respective bedrooms. This story has been shared 139,061 times. He is still in federal prison. But McGinnisss work had prompted ethical questions, which Janet Malcolm dissected in her provocative and influential 1989 book The Journalist and the Murderer. (Smerling has devoted an entire companion podcast, Morally Indefensible, to this fascinating subplot, though Malcolm did not agree to be interviewed for the series or the podcast.) Its monstrous on either side, said Bob Keeler, a reporter who worked the MacDonald beat at Newsday from 1973 to 1985, in a phone interview. The other is a docu-series that doesnt seem to arrive at the same place. Stoeckley also told a Nashville police officer she thought she witnessed the MacDonald killings. It appeared that someone wearing surgical gloves had written pig in blood on the headboard. Writing A Wilderness of Error was Morriss quixotic attempt to dislodge the case from public perception. Posted on December 5, 2021. According to the Daily Mail, the District Attorney publicized the gruesome photos a week after they were presented to a jury. We would get out and walk up to the front porch and walk around the back.. Anyone can read what you share. One hit him in the head with a bat or club, which he said he grabbed. Could Stoeckley have been the woman who one of the MPs saw standing in the rain a few blocks from the MacDonald home as he was en route to the crime scene? Anybody that came into the area wanted to go see it," said Hope Mills Police Chief John Hodges, who investigated the killings as a military police officer. Thompson said he saw a news photographer walk to the side of the house and take pictures through the windows. WARNING: Among these photos are digitally obscured pictures of Caylee Marie Anthony's skull in the wooded area where it was found in 2008. To the extent that any risk remains, he has voluntarily assumed it by rejecting the risk-mitigating measures offered to him, wrote Harris. The building was torn down in March 2008 to make way for an 11,000-square-foot community recreation center and swimming pool. At 544 Castle Drive, Colette MacDonald, 6-year-old Kimberly and 2-year-old Kristen Jean were stabbed and bludgeoned to death on Feb. 17, 1970. Objects are created and adjustments and refinements are made as more information becomes known to me through the Department of the Armys Criminal Investigation Division reports and via the knowledgable posters who have researched this case. MacDonalds fanciful story mirrored the Manson Family murders. Miles represented MacDonald in his most-recent efforts to prove he was wrongly convicted. But the street was accessible to the public as Fort Bragg was years from installing the security gates that now guard its entrances. The MacDonalds lived in an end unit. So now there are two versions of Wilderness: One is a book that questions MacDonalds conviction for having killed his pregnant wife and two young daughters. One of the MPs later testified that while he was en route to Castle Drive, he saw a woman standing at an intersection about a half mile away. After exhausting all his appeals, he applied for compassionate release in November of 2020 on the grounds that he could suffer severe illness or death as a result of contracting COVID-19. Jeffrey MacDonald lay face down, his head on Colettes shoulder or chest. Stoeckley later recanted that claim. It became clear quickly that the law enforcement investigators did a poor job of protecting and preserving the crime scene. Morris scans the room with a quizzical expression. I cant control it, he said. Its not as prevalent as it once was, of course, as time goes on, he said. There was no forced entry into the home and MacDonalds injuries were far less substantial than that of his wife and daughters. As investigators descended upon the apartment, one of them picked up a camera and photographed the scene. But five months later, investigators dropped all the charges and honorably discharged him from the Army. But they also made critical mistakes in the house and during laboratory work.